To the inhabitant of village Tulovo Mary Rogozhinskaya CCP BPF member Jan Derzhavtsev and I got enough chance, asking passers-by village of people who could remember the events connected with the destruction of the Jews in Ilovski moat of Vitebsk ghetto. Despite its complex and difficult destiny, in their '91 woman behaves quite vividly, a lot of reading, writing poetry, I wonder about the past, well remember those terrible times.
The number of killed Jews during the occupation period in Vitebsk was already 17,000 - 18,000 people.
Thousands of prisoners were taken to village Sebyahi to Tulovskii (Ilovski) ditch, where murders were committed. Executions took place from morning to night, and on children and the elderly even spared cartridges, buried alive. According to historical sources, in places of mass executions began Ilovski moat Jewish cemetery near Peskovatika, Old Ulanovichskoe cemetery Ulanovichskaya Mountain, Black puddle, Dukhovskoy moat, Vitba River floodplain near the Veterinary Academy.
We turned to Mrs. Mary, to tell of the tragic events of the destruction of the Jewish population.
- Shoot the Jews began in the summer of 1941. The Germans only control, and killed or prisoners or policemen. There were those people that made a profit on someone else's grief. In such Sebyahi Andrew was so saying a whole bag of gold scraped together.
Some were lucky, they were able to escape. My aunt kept the whole year on the stove six-year Jewish boy. And most were four of his children. Sheared almost every week since the dark hair was too curly. Once in the village came to the guerrillas, and aunt persuaded them to take the boy to him, otherwise, says, and I will kill him and hanged. Guerrillas dressed child seated on his horse and took to the woods. More I never saw him again.
One day in our house, shouting "save" ran into a girl of eighteen. First, they wanted to hide it under the floor, but the Germans with dogs. And it will find and kill us. Then I decided to keep it on Selivovschina, now there is the urban garden. Mom gave a loaf of bread and a piece of bacon. I showed her the direction of motion, and said that if she would stick with it, you will get to the partisans.
My aunt lived across from the den, so to say that night there was a groan that shook us and batters. They say, the earth shaking went from living breathing human bodies. The boy ran to her once. Said: "Auntie, I'm out of the ground came out!" 12 years old he was. In that get up: the child alive in the earth thrown.
Before the war I was in college planning and accounting on Frunze Street, and the director there was a beautiful, very good Jew Levine. So, once on the road, which was cleaned locals, I came across a photo of him. Apparently, intentionally threw the hope that someone from the friends stumble on the photo and thus become aware of his final resting place.
In the winter of 1943 the Germans, afraid of retaliation and noticed traces, again began to dig proxy previously killed Jews and burn their remains on huge pyres. In The body could not breathe, such was the stench! The fear of God!
But not only Jews suffered. Somewhere beyond the half year to the end of the war, we moved into a home The body on the streets of the stadium, and then to a concentration camp, "Fifth Regiment." There was absolutely awful. We spent a month there. It's like a year, maybe more. God forbid. Hunger, cold. Prisoners are layers, ask some water. And there was some water. One day I found a rusty can of food, crawled to the pool, scooped rainwater, gave the wounded.
A month later, we - dirty, smelly, disgusting - loaded into cattle cars and taken to an unknown destination. Brought to Bialystok. Sections right on the snow and drove to the bath. From the bath again had to put our dirty clothes frozen. Then came the merchants. We (me and her daughter, mother-in-law with a baby), no one picked up, so he went behind barbed wire. Going around nicely. Spring it starts much earlier. Caught in Berlin. Nearby are three camps: Italian, French and Soviet. Barack small, and people already 36 people. Nara in two floors, some mattresses. Fed gruel with worms. Snimesh them and eat, eat...
Every day work under escort. Worked all that possible. On foot forced to wear wooden shoes. Quickly began to burst, hurt and bleeding heels. Appealed to the head. He apparently took pity us and allowed to wear their boots and shoes.
When they approached the Soviet troops, the children suddenly started to give 1.5 liters of milk with a piece of butter and a slice of the loaf. Baba say Russian approach, so the Germans began to fear.
- And have you heard anything about the destruction in Ilovskoe trench in the prewar period repressed Soviet citizens?
On the destruction of "enemies of the people" Mrs. Mary heard nothing, but the repressed Tulovskii peasants tell you something.
- First, the authorities seized, and then all of a row. Only one night of body is taken 30 villagers. One already had seven children, no one is spared. Sinister "Black Crow" by strong winter ice flew from Vitebsk to the village and taken to an unknown forever nothing innocent citizens. For my father also came. Saved him only that regional judge Beginners friends with him. Says go, Thomas S., in the woods, climbing on spruce, because you're already on the lists come today. A frost was terrible. Mother father dressed in a sheepskin coat, boots and carried out of the house. Also had to sit up in the morning. Three times in the night came on his soul. And when he left, his mother lit a lantern, showed that it is possible to go back home. And so the father of three nights in hiding. Because of this, pneumonia, got to the regional hospital. Here's how easy it was, but, thank God, escaped. And of those who are taken away, none returned.
That's my father in law was a normal paramedic from Tulovo. Came home from work and lay down to rest under an apple tree, and then came, seized, taken away, and the third day he had a heart break. Can not bear it all. Devereaux I said, "your father was buried in the Jewish cemetery, come, take his stuff."
Experienced so much, so much covered, but not in the eyes of the old woman nor hatred, nor malice. They glow with joy, pride for their grandchildren, all of which have higher education. But the most surprising is that not harden her heart that still write poetry. Sincere emotional, in his own philosophical, thoughtful, deep:
Great God, give me the strength
To finish this earthly way,
Not to be a burden to the grave,
And to not tormented me.
And not to deprive
Parting of reason, sanity.
And so for all of my acts
I was responsible myself.
S. Horki
